0:00Hello and welcome to this video tutorial. I
0:02'm going to be taking you through the kind
0:05of anatomy of type. I found this wallpaper
0:09today, basically explaining the anatomy of
0:13typography. It's a really nice summary,
0:15especially for beginners, showing where all
0:19the parts
0:20of type are. You'll hear these phrases used
0:22in video tutorials, so this is a really
0:25good
0:25start if you're new to the game. If not, it
0:28's a good refresher. I often forget what
0:31these
0:32are called from time to time. But yeah, so
0:34I'm going to start with a few things that
0:36aren't on here first. I'm going to start
0:39with the different types of characters that
0:42you
0:42get. You've obviously got your standard
0:44characters, you've got your numbers from 0
0:47right through
0:48to 9. You've also got your letters from A
0:51to Z, but you've also got special
0:53characters
0:53and special characters include things like
0:57math signs, punctuation, accented
1:00characters,
1:02so characters with accents on the top, and
1:05also reference marks, things like the
1:07copyright
1:07symbol and the trademark symbol. These are
1:10your kind of common special characters,
1:13characters
1:13that you'll see from time to time again.
1:16Less common are ligatures. These are
1:20basically
1:21pairs of letters that look different when
1:23they're next to each other. So in this case
1:25,
1:25F and F looks like this is a ligature
1:27instead of what it normally looks like
1:29there if they
1:30were right next to each other. F and I is
1:33another ligature pair. That's how it would
1:36normally look. And here are a couple of
1:39others. This is F and L. This is F, F and L
1:42. And you
1:43normally don't recognise these straight off
1:45, but they really do make a big difference.
1:47They look nicer than the standard option
1:52there. Moving on, I think the next
1:54important thing
1:54is the three different types of fonts. So
1:58the three schools of font as it were. So
2:01you've
2:01got your Serif fonts. Serif fonts are
2:05basically fonts that have a tapered end or
2:08have this
2:09end. You can tell the difference basically.
2:12So this is a Serif font. It's got this
2:14ending
2:14here on the S. You've also got the T there.
2:16It's kind of an ending. And they all have
2:18this very bold, strong strokes within them
2:22as you can see here in the M, the E, right
2:26throughout the font. Sans Serif is the same
2:29kind of thing but without the ending, the
2:33tapered ending. So you've got here, you've
2:35got Verdana, which doesn't have any sort of
2:37ending. And as you can see, you can see the
2:41difference now. The other form, or the type
2:45of font, sorry, is a free form font. And
2:50these basically look like this. Again, they
2:54don't
2:54really have any sort of particular kind of,
2:57they don't stick to any sort of rules or
3:00such,
3:00but they still look nice, they still do the
3:03job. And they're free form. They basically
3:05do whatever they want to do. Right, so
3:10those are the different kind of types of
3:13font.
3:15Going back to this wallpaper. And by the
3:17way, you can get this wallpaper at evolve8.
3:19com.
3:21I have it here already. If you go to the ev
3:23olve8.com and then after the main address,
3:25you type
3:26in "I-typography". It takes you to this
3:28page and if you click on the image, right
3:31click
3:31"save as", you can save it to your desktop
3:33and set it as wallpaper. If you're going to
3:36use this in a blog post, I'd credit the
3:40site. So yeah, going back to this image. I
3:42'm going
3:42to start with the lines you see going
3:45throughout the wallpaper here. These
3:49basically define
3:50both of the boundaries of typography. So
3:53the very first thing is the baseline. It's
3:55the
3:55most important thing. This is basically
3:58where everything sits. So all text will sit
4:01on the
4:01baseline. And between the baseline and the
4:06X height is where the majority of stuff
4:08happens.
4:09The lower case letters kind of usually sit
4:12within it. It's also where the majority of
4:16any kind of upper case font will be. Any
4:21lower case font that goes above that comes
4:23into
4:23this space here above. And as you can see,
4:27that's an ascender. This H has an ascender
4:30here because it goes beyond the X height
4:32and it goes into this space between the X
4:34height
4:35and the cap height or the accent line. As
4:39you can see, the cap height here is the
4:42height
4:42where the capital of that particular font
4:45will go to. So as you can see, the I and
4:48the
4:48T here reach the cap height. The ascender
4:51of this lower case letter goes beyond it.
4:55But again, that's just the style of the
4:57font. The ascender doesn't always have to
4:58go above.
4:59It can be anywhere in this space. What you
5:04've also got here is a descent line.
5:06So here you have this line. It's not
5:09labeled, but it goes all the way across
5:11still. And
5:12as a result, anything that falls between
5:14the baseline and the descent line is called
5:16a
5:16descender. And as you can see here, the Y,
5:20the P, the G, the P, the Y all have desc
5:23enders.
5:24Now there are different types of descenders
5:26. As you can see, this Y here has a tail on
5:29the end. This is the case with particular
5:35letters like Q, J, P and Y. They tend to
5:39have
5:40tails even in their capital format. You'll
5:44find that the tail is a stylistic part of
5:48the font. You've got the terminal here,
5:51which is the
5:52- when a font is a serif, but it doesn't
5:56end in the style of a serif. This is called
5:59a
5:59terminal. The distinction between terminal
6:02and serif ending is that. So you see serif
6:05ending is quite strong and bold, whereas
6:09terminal is quite soft.
6:12Next part here is the ear. The ear is
6:14basically this part of the G that's just
6:16basically hanging
6:17off. Again, this is just a name given to it
6:21. Some fonts have it and some fonts don't.
6:25Next up, you've got the bowl. Now the bowl
6:28is the part of the stroke of the font which
6:30surrounds the counter. You're probably
6:33wondering what the counter is. Well, the
6:35counter is
6:35the dead space inside here. The O has a
6:39counter there, the P. This is the counter.
6:43In the
6:43G, that's the counter. In the A, that's the
6:46counter. The bowl is what's given to this
6:50part of the stroke. The P here has a bowl.
6:56So does the O. The A here has another bowl.
7:00And the P here has another bowl. There. I'm
7:04going to skip out kerning in a second
7:06because
7:06I'm going to explain it up here. We've
7:09already had a description of what serif is.
7:13Next thing is the stem. The stem is
7:14basically the vertical, the diagonal part
7:17of the font.
7:18This particular part, letter, sorry, it's I
7:22. So this is the stem. In Y, you can say
7:25that this or that part is the stem. P, it's
7:28that part. In the R, it's that part. P, it
7:31's
7:31that part. And so on and so forth. In the H
7:34, it goes all the way up nearly almost to
7:36the cap height.
7:39So moving on to the very last thing,
7:41tracking and kerning. Now these two are
7:43often confused.
7:45Now kerning refers to the space between two
7:47individual letters. So kerning, for example
7:51,
7:51in this case is between, it's talking about
7:54the space between N and I. So if I was to
7:58fiddle around with the kerning of this, I
7:59would only be playing around with the space
8:01in between these two letters. Or in this
8:04bigger example, only between the P and the
8:06O. Whereas
8:07tracking on the other hand refers to the
8:10whole group of letters. So if I was playing
8:12around
8:13with the spacing between all the letters in
8:15a word, all the letters in text, I'd be
8:17playing
8:17around with the tracking. And this is
8:20tweaked to make things easier to read
8:24alongside things
8:25like line height and so on and so forth.
8:27So that's a very basic quick summary. There
8:30's more out there. Google it, search it,
8:33there's
8:34more video tutorials on YouTube and so on
8:35and so forth. But that's a very basic
8:38introduction.
8:39Thank you for watching.
8:40can not be &